Landscape design (Landscape) is an open plant and water environment that is usually created on the level of the city, buildings and their surroundings.
We all like to spend a lot of time in environments that bring us peace of mind and are far from the usual hustle and bustle of the city.
One of the best and most popular of these environments is the green space. Going to the green space makes people to get their peace of mind and be away from traffic and cars for a few hours.
In general, green space refers to the parts of the city that have grass, trees, flowers, plants, etc. Green space, in addition to giving people mental peace, can reduce a large amount of air pollution. In the following, we discuss the goals of creating green space
?What is Landscape
Landscape is an open plant and water environment that is usually created on the city level, buildings and their surroundings.
In fact, because these days, with massive construction and the expansion of cities, people's access to the nature of the villages and the scenery around the city has become a little more difficult, it is necessary to create environments called Landscape on the city level or even in people's private lands, which give a sense of nature. and simulate the scenery outside the city to some extent for people.
This space is an environment that is created for the purpose of recreation and breathing of people, beautification of urban public and private residential spaces (in apartments and villas), generally with the aim of interacting with nature; Creating these types of spaces at the public and private level brings many benefits: creating visual beauty, creating peace of mind for people and citizens, creating a balance in the metabolism of the city and increasing the biological quality of the cities, softening the air and creating pleasant air, adjusting the temperature, reducing pollution. Air and noise pollution.
But the design and implementation of green spaces is different in every environment. For example, the design and execution of an urban Landscape is very different from the design and execution of an apartment.
The types of spaces can be public (such as recreational areas and parks, etc.), semi-public (surroundings of offices, organizations, educational centers, etc.), street (side of streets, highways, sidewalks, squares, etc.) and private (home gardens). , yard, rooftop garden, etc.)
The type of plant species used in each place is different. Apartment green space plants are separate from outdoor plants.
Indoor plants are mostly shade-loving and need indirect light; But plants suitable for outdoor Landscapes need direct sunlight and are more resistant to weather changes (wind and rain).
The principles of villa Landscape design
Having specific information or knowledge in the field of villa landscaping will help you achieve better results. In addition, you can achieve an ideal villa courtyard design by paying less. Here we mention the important principles for designing the green space of the villa. Compliance with these principles is mandatory in order to achieve better results and maintain greater safety.
The first principle in the design of the landscape of the villa
Coordination in preliminary designs
As you know, the view of the villas in the beginning shows the style and architecture of the building.
Therefore, you should be very careful in the design of the villa yard.
The use of plants and different types of vegetation creates a sense of freshness and freshness in people, and for this reason, special importance should be attached to the natural element in the design of the villa's green space.
It is better to pay attention to the height of different plants and shrubs and choose them in such a way that the overall view of the villa building is visible.
The second principle in the design of the landscape of the villa
Maintaining balance
The design of the villa yard is based on two symmetrical or asymmetrical designs. To put it simply, in symmetrical balance, you will have a yard that displays the same space on both sides.
In spite of this, in the asymmetrical balance, each part of the villa's courtyard gives a special effect and is completely different from the other parts.
The third principle in the design of the landscape of the villa;
Attention to the contrast and harmony of the components
Adhering to the principle of contrast and harmony in the design of the villa courtyard will help you to have integrated and stunning elements.
Accordingly, if contrasting colors are placed together, they will create a very beautiful landscape.
The fourth principle in the design of Sabzevilla space:
Choose colors carefully
Warm and cold colors are clearly different from each other. This means that using warm colors gives you more excitement and at the same time, you feel that the colors are close to you.
At the same time, the use of cold colors shows different components far from the real limit.
The fifth principle in the design of the villa yard;
Make temporary changes
Compared to other cases mentioned above, the gradual changes in the design of the villa yard are very important. These types of changes are done slowly and that is why they are referred to as transient changes.
For example, you can shorten the size of the plants or plant new plants with a unique color combination. You can also change the shape of bushes and trees.
Drawing a map to design the landscape of the villa
After the preliminary preparations are done to check the soil and weather conditions, it is time to draw the map. The draftsman pays attention to points such as the access ways and the amount of scattering of flowers, and based on this, draws and designs the map.
Estimation of final construction costs
Making the project operational and estimating the cost of designing the landscape of the villa must be done with full accuracy because the project cannot be left incomplete later. The list of costs should be detailed enough to include even the cost of vegetation. Obviously, the final plan is based on the current budget. If you consider the significant cost, the results will be more satisfactory.
Implementation of the villa yard design project
At this stage, all the preliminary measures have been taken, the desired cost has been determined and the map has been drawn. Now it's time to implement the intended goals. In the execution process, you may need to create projections to display a more beautiful effect. In this case, it is better to use artificial roughness.
Finally, you can take advantage of the ambient lighting to have a stunning effect at night, as well as the possibility of finding your way in the dark. Be careful that in implementing lighting, safety and security principles must be strictly observed.
Important points in villa yard design
Considering that, ultimately, you are the one who uses the landscape of your building, you should be careful in observing all of the above.
All stages of implementing the design of the green space of the villa should be done according to your taste and opinion, and special attention should be paid to the principles of safety.
The best thing is to ask a reputable group to do the process of making the villa yard design project operational for you.
The role of water in landscapes
Water is very important in greenery because plants need water to grow and reproduce. Also, water in the landscape can be useful as a source of water supply for animals and birds. In addition, the presence of water in landscapes can help reduce temperature and increase air humidity and improve air quality. As a result, preserving water resources and increasing landscape in cities and rural areas can help improve people's quality of life.
Application of grass in landscape
Grass is one of the most important elements of the landscape and it is very important for the following reasons:
1- Oxygen production: As a plant, grass produces oxygen, which is very important for human and wildlife health.
2- Absorption of carbon dioxide: Grass, like other plants, absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and turns it into oxygen, which helps reduce greenhouse effects by absorbing carbon dioxide.
3- Absorption of pollutants: grass can absorb air pollutants and clean the air.
4- Reducing ambient noise: By absorbing ambient noise, grass makes the living environment better and more relaxing for people.
5- Soil preservation: Due to its strong and deep roots, grass can protect the soil against erosion and water flow.
6- The beauty and decoration of the green space: properly designed grass can make the green space beautiful and attractive and help to decorate it.
In general, grass is very important as a main element of green space for the above reasons and many others.
Benefits of Landscape
landscape has different vegetation according to the type of use. For example, in forest green spaces, stout and small trees are more visible.
Landscapes that have cultural and recreational use are beautified with special architecture and design.
Humans can never get enough of greenery and flowers. Creating a landscape has many benefits that cannot be included in the title or phrase. Some benefits of designing and building landscapes are as follows.
At the highest level, it creates a very beautiful and eye-catching visual atmosphere, along with vitality and happiness. It removes mental and physical fatigue in the people of the society.
Using these places for a few hours will provide each person with mental and physical energy. It also affects the social health of the community.
The second role is pollution prevention and air purification. Plants carry out photosynthesis, in which they take carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. As a result, they help to create a healthy urban environment from an environmental and ecological point of view.
Reducing pollution reduces respiratory and heart diseases in urban society. One of the best results of creating landscape is the hidden cost savings (short-term and long-term), especially for city residents.
It also reduces noise pollution. It reduces the heat of the urban space caused by car smoke. It also helps to regulate the temperature of the heat island that is created in the center of the cities.
It reduces the amount of lead pollution in the air of cities, on the other hand, it also helps to increase humidity.
The landscape of the residential complex
In the past, houses were mostly built in the form of courtyards and villas, which reflected people's deep inclination towards nature and landscape
By creating landscape or old courtyards, people created a sense of relaxation and relaxation of nature in their places of residence; Residential spaces were different according to the level and stratum that created it
The rich and nobles usually had gardens in large houses, and the middle and poor classes of society had houses with medium or small yards
But nowadays, with the spread of apartment living and tower living, the role of landscape or the old courtyards has become less and less and the replaced spaces are no longer private and have become semi-public.
However, apartments and residential complexes are still capable of playing their main roles, i.e. beautifying the space and being a resort.
The landscapes of residential complexes may be built on the ground floor level of the street or in terraces, balconies, green walls in the lobby or corridors, or even in the roof gardens located on the roofs of towers and apartments.
Usually, the space of terraces or balconies in residential complexes is private, and the green space at street level, green wall and roof garden, green roof or roof garden, is semi-public (for people of the building or complex).
Usually, the plants used in the landscape of residential complexes are different from the plants used in the public space in the city.
Also, the elements that are used in the design of the landscape of the residential complex are different from the urban landscape.
Factors affecting the implementation of landscape
As we said, there are very important factors for the design and implementation of green spaces, which the architect must identify and measure before starting work. These factors are:
Location and geographical location of the desired space.
The type, quality, fertility and potential of the soil of the desired area.
The slope of the desired area.
The presence of sufficient water resources for watering plants in the desired area.
. The amount of illumination of the desired space and the amount of sunlight to choose the right type of plants (sun-loving, shade-loving, etc.).
. The amount of dryness or humidity of the air and rainfall in the desired area.
. Climate changes in the target area.
. Determining how to control and maintain the health of plants in the desired space.
